Prepare the papaya: Peel the papaya and slice it in half lengthwise. Scoop out the seeds and discard them. Soak the papaya in cold water for about 15 minutes to remove the latex.
Using a vegetable grater or food processor fitted with the grating disk, grate the papaya into thin and long strips. Transfer to a bowl of ice-cold water and let it sit for 10 minutes. Drain and squeeze with your hands to remove excess moisture. Transfer to a large mixing bowl.
Prepare the other vegetables: Julienne the carrot (grate it into long strips) and thinly slice the cucumber. Transfer to the mixing bowl.
Prepare the dressing: in a small bowl, stir together the sugar, lime juice, vegan fish sauce, garlic, and chili.
Assemble: Add the fresh herbs, roasted peanuts, fried shallots, and dressing to the bowl and toss to coat. Serve immediately!
Notes
Tweak it to your liking: Feel free to add extra veggies, fried tofu, bell pepper strips, or even sautéed oyster mushrooms for a more colorful and filling salad!
If using frozen green papaya: thaw on the counter for about 1 hour before rinsing it and squeezing with your hands to remove as much water as possible.